MCL injuries typically occur due to a direct blow to the outside of the knee, causing it to bend inward. LCL injuries often result from a direct blow to the inside of the knee, causing it to bend outward. PCL injuries usually happen when the knee is bent and an object forcefully strikes the shin backward, such as in a car accident or a fall on a bent knee.

Common symptoms include pain, swelling, instability, and difficulty moving the knee. MCL injuries often cause pain on the inside of the knee, while LCL injuries cause pain on the outside. PCL injuries typically lead to pain in the back of the knee and a feeling of instability.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, where the doctor checks for swelling, tenderness, and instability. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the injury.

Treatment depends on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may be treated with rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), and physical therapy. More severe injuries may require bracing, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery to repair or reconstruct the damaged ligament.

Recovery time varies based on the severity of the injury and the individual’s overall health. Mild to moderate injuries may take a few weeks to a couple of months to heal with proper treatment and rehabilitation. Severe injuries that require surgery may take several months to a year for a full recovery.